Introduction: Cyber dating abuse is a public health problem that requires valid and reliable evaluations. The objective of this study was to cross-culturally adapt and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Cyber Dating Abuse Questionnaire (CDAQ) for Mexican youth. Method: 1158 young students from 18 to 24 years old participated, 62.9 % were women. In the verification of the linguistic equivalence phase, four words from the original version in Spanish were adapted. Results: Acceptable fit indices were found in the confirmatory factor analysis, in addition, convergent and discriminant validity of the factors was found, except between the factors of victimization and perpetration of Direct Aggression. Evidence of divergent validity was found with quality of life and convergence with risk behaviors. Total reliability was greater than .87. Conclusions: The findings suggest that CDAQ could be a useful questionnaire to assess cyber dating abuse among young Mexicans.

---

Keywords:
Cyber dating abuse, partner, violence, youth, validity

06_RSP_29(2)_22044_Adaptacion_Hidalgo

Aaronson, N., Alonso, J., Burnam, A., Lohr, K. N., Patrick, D. L., Perrin, E., & Stein, R. E. (2002). Assessing health status and quality-of-life instruments: attributes and review criteria. Quality of Llfe Research: an International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care and Rehabilitation, 11(3), 193-205. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12074258

Asociación Mexicana de Agencias de Inteligencia de Mercado y Opinión. (2018). Nivel socioeconómico AMAI 2018. https://www.amai.org/NSE/index.php?queVeo=2018

Beckett, C., Eriksson, L., Johansson, E., & Wikström, C. (2017). Multivariate Data Analysis. Pharmaceutical Quality by Design: A Practical Approach. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118895238.ch8

Bennett, D. C., Guran, E. L., Ramos, M. C., & Margolin, G. (2011). College students’ electronic victimization in friendships and dating relationships: Anticipated distress and associations with risky behaviors. Violence and Victims, 26(4), 410-429. https://doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.26.4.410

Bishara, A. J., & Hittner, J. B. (2012). Testing the significance of a correlation with nonnormal data: Comparison of Pearson, Spearman, transformation, and resampling approaches. Psychological Methods, 17(3), 399-417. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028087

Borrajo, E., Gámez-Guadix, M., Pereda, N., & Calvete, E. (2015). The development and validation of the cyber dating abuse questionnaire among young couples. Computers in Human Behavior, 48, 358-365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.01.063

Breinbauer, C., & Maddaleno, M. (2005). Youth: choices and change. Promoting healthy behaviors in adolescents. Pan American Health Organization.

Brener, N. D., Collins, J. L., Kann, L., Warren, C. W., & Williams, B. I. (1995). Reliability of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey questionnaire. American Journal of Epidemiology, 6(141), 575-580.https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117473

Brown, C., & Hegarty, K. (2018). Digital dating abuse measures: A critical review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 40, 44-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2018.03.003

Brown, C., & Hegarty, K. (2021). Development and validation of the TAR Scale: A measure of technology-facilitated abuse in relationships. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 3, 100059. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2021.100059

Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1992). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sociological Methods & Research, 21(2), 230-258. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124192021002005

Caridade, S., & Braga, T. (2020). Youth cyber dating abuse: A meta-analysis of risk and protective factors. Cyberpsychology, 14(3), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.5817/CP2020-3-2

Caridade, S., Pedrosa e Sousa, H. F., & Dinis, M. A. P. (2020). Cyber and offline dating abuse in a portuguese sample: Prevalence and context of abuse. Behavioral Sciences, 10(10), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/BS10100152

Cavalcanti, J. G., & Coutinho, M. P. L. (2019). Abuso digital nos relacionamentos amorosos: uma revisão sobre prevalência, instrumentos de avaliação e fatores de risco. Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana, 37(2), 235-254. https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/apl/a.6888

Cavalcanti, J. G., Coutinho, M. P. L., Nascimento, A. M., & Pinto, A. V. L. (2020). Psychometric properties of the cyber dating abuse questionnaire. Psico-USF, 25(2), 285-296. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-82712020250207

Duerksen, K. N., & Woodin, E. M. (2021). Cyber dating abuse victimization: links with psychosocial functioning. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260519872982

Ellyson, A. M., Adhia, A., Lyons, V. H., & Rivara, F. P. (2021). Prevalence, age of initiation, and patterns of co-occurrence of digital dating abuse behaviors nationwide. Children and Youth Services Review, 122, 105921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105921

Fissel, E. R., Graham, A., Butler, L. C., & Fisher, B. S. (2022). A new frontier: the development and validation of the intimate partner cyber abuse instrument. Social Science Computer Review, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439321994618

Fleiss, J. L. (1986). The design and analysis of clinical experiments. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Gracia-Leiva, M., Puente-Martínez, A., Ubillos-Landa, S., González-Castro, J. L., & Páez-Rovira, D. (2020). Off- and online heterosexual dating violence, perceived attachment to parents and peers and suicide risk in young women. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(9), 31-74. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093174

Graham, J. W. (2009). Missing data analysis: making it work in the real world. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 549-576. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085530

Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. (2014). Multivariate data analysis (6a ed.). Pearson International Edition.

Hidalgo-Rasmussen, C. A. (2015). Calidad de vida y comportamientos de riesgo en jóvenes estudiantes universitarios de México y Chile. Porrúa.

Hidalgo-Rasmussen, C. A., Hidalgo-San-Martín, A., & Aguilera, V. (2012). Percepción del peso corporal, comportamientos alimentarios y calidad de vida en estudiantes mexicanos. Revista Mexicana de Investigación en Psicología, 4(S1), 80-90.

Hidalgo-Rasmussen, C. A., Javier-Juárez, P., Zurita-Aguilar, K., Yanez-Peñúñuri, L. Y., Franco-Paredes, K., & Chávez-Flores, Y. V. (2020). Adaptación transcultural del “Cuestionario de abuso cibernético en la pareja” (CDAQ) para adolescentes mexicanos. Behavioral Psychology/Psicología Conductual, 28(3), 435-453.

Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118

Hu, R., Xue, J., Lin, K., Sun, I. Y., & Wang, X. (2021). Bidirectional intimate partner violence among Chinese women: patterns and risk factors. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 19. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260519888523

Jaen-Cortés, C. I., Rivera-Aragón, S., Reidl-Martínez, L. M., & García-Méndez, M. (2017). Violencia de pareja a través de medios electrónicos en adolescentes mexicanos. Acta de Investigación Psicológica, 7(1), 2593-2605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aipprr.2017.01.001

Landis, J. R., & Koch, G. G. (1977). The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics, 33(1), 159-174. https://doi.org/10.2307/2529310

Lara, L. (2020). Cyber dating abuse: assessment, prevalence, and relationship with offline violence in young Chileans. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 37(5), 1681-1699. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407520907159

Ludin, S., Bottiani, J. H., Debnam, K., Solis, M. G. O., & Bradshaw, C. P. (2018). A Cross-national comparison of risk factors for teen dating violence in Mexico and the United States. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 47(3), 547-559. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-017-0701-9

Lyndon, A., Bonds-Raacke, J., & Cratty, A. D. (2011). College Students’ Facebook Stalking of Ex-Partners. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 14(12), 711-716. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2010.0588

Muñiz, J., Elosua, P., & Hambleton, R. K. (2013). Directrices para la traducción y adaptación de los tests: segunda edición. Psicothema, 25(2), 151-157. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2013.24

Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J.-Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879-903. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879

Reed, L. A., Tolman, R. M., & Ward, L. M. (2016). Snooping and sexting: digital media as a context for dating aggression and abuse among college students. Violence Against Women, 22(13), 1556-1576. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801216630143

Rey-Anacona, C. A., Martínez, J. A., & Ocampo, E. M. (2021). Evaluación de las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de abuso online en relaciones de noviazgo en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes colombianos. Suma Psicologica, 28(2), 71-78. https://doi.org/10.14349/sumapsi.2021.v28.n2.1

Rivas-Torres, R., & Bianchi-Aguila, R. (1991). El nivel socioeconómico en la investigación. Revista de la Asociación Mexicana de Enfermedades Metabólicas y Obesidad, 2(1), 44-45.

Rocha-Silva, T., Nogueira, C., & Rodrigues, L. (2021). Intimate abuse through technology: A systematic review of scientific Constructs and behavioral dimensions. Computers in Human Behavior, 122, 106861. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.106861

Rodríguez-deArriba, M. L., Nocentini, A. L., Menesini, E., & Sánchez-Jiménez, V. (2021). Dimensions and measures of cyber dating violence in adolescents: a systematic review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 58, 101613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2021.101613

Romo-Tobón, R. J., Vázquez-Sánchez, V., Rojas-Solís, J. L., & Alvídrez, S. (2020). Cyberbullying y ciberviolencia de pareja en alumnado de una universidad privada mexicana. Propósitos y Representaciones, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.20511/pyr2020.v8n2.303

Sánchez, V., Muñoz-Fernández, N., Lucio, L. A., & Ortega-Ruíz, R. (2017). Ciberagresión en parejas adolescentes: un estudio transcultural España-México. Revista Mexicana de Psicología, 34(1), 46-54.

Shi, D., Lee, T., & Maydeu-Olivares, A. (2019). Understanding the Model Size Effect on SEM Fit Indices. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 79(2), 310-334. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164418783530

Skevington, S. M., Lotfy, M., & O’Connell, K. A. (2004). The World Health Organization’s WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment: Psychometric properties and results of the international field trial. A Report from the WHOQOL Group. Quality of Life Research, 13(2), 299-310. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:QURE.0000018486.91360.00

Valderas, J., Ferrer, M., Mendívil, J., Garin, O., Rajmil, L., Herdman, M., & Alonso, J. (2008). Development of EMPRO: a tool for the standardized assessment of patient-reported outcome measures. Value in health: the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, 11(4), 700-708. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-4733.2007.00309.x

Van-Ouytsel, J., Ponnet, K., & Walrave, M. (2018). Cyber dating abuse victimization among secondary school students from a Lifestyle-Routine Activities theory perspective. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 33(17), 2767-2776. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260516629390

Viladrich, C., Angulo-Brunet, A., & Doval, E. (2017). Un viaje alrededor de alfa y omega para estimar la fiabilidad de consistencia interna. Anales de Psicología, 33(3), 755-782. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.33.3.268401

Víllora, B., Yubero, S., & Navarro, R. (2021). Subjective well-being among victimized university students: comparison between cyber dating abuse and bullying victimization. Information Technology & People, 34(1), 360-374. https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-11-2018-0535