Respuestas psicológicas a la cuarentena por pandemia de COVID-19 en población colombiana

Psychological responses to the COVID-19 pandemic quarantine in Colombian population
Resumen

Introducción: el presente estudio analiza el estrés percibido, las estrategias de afrontamiento, su regulación emocional, impacto y malestar psicológico, durante la cuarentena por la pandemia de COVID-19 en la población colombiana. Método: muestra no probabilística de 356 adultos que respondieron un cuestionario en línea. Resultados: se encontraron puntuaciones medias y altas en estrategias de afrontamiento y regulación emocional activas y puntuaciones bajas en estrés, malestar psicológico e impacto de la cuarentena. El 38.76 % presentó puntuaciones que indican riesgo de trastorno por estrés postraumático. Las mujeres, los menores de 35 años, los bachilleres, los estudiantes y las personas que viven solas presentan mayores afectaciones. Se encontraron relaciones estadísticamente significativas de estrés con todas las variables, excepto con apoyo social y convivientes durante la cuarentena. Por último, se encontró asociación positiva del estrés con desahogo, supresión expresiva, impacto de la cuarentena y malestar psicológico; y asociación negativa con planificación, aceptación, revaluación cognitiva y edad mayor de 25 años. Conclusiones: los resultados contribuyen a comprender las respuestas ante la cuarentena e identificar factores de vulnerabilidad para diseñar programas de prevención e intervención.


Palabras clave:
COVID-19, estrategias de afrontamiento, estrés percibido, impacto de la cuarentena, malestar psicológico, regulación emocional

Abstract

Introduction: The aim of this study was to analyze the perceived stress, coping strategies, emotional regulation, impact of the event, and psychological distress during quarantine due to COVID-19 pandemic in the Colombian population. Method: Non-probabilistic sample made up of 356 adults who answered an online questionnaire. Results: It was found medium and high scores in active coping strategies and emotional regulation, and low scores in stress, psychological distress and impact of quarantine. The 38.76 % presented scores that indicate risk of post-traumatic stress disorder. Women, people under 35 years of age, high school graduates, students, and living alone during the quarantine showed higher affectation. Statistically significant correlations of stress with all variables except with social support and cohabitants during quarantine were found. Finally, it was found a positive association of stress with venting, expressive suppression, the impact of quarantine, and psychological distress, and negative association with planning, acceptance, cognitive reappraisal, and age over 25 years. Conclusions: These results contribute to understanding responses to quarantine and to identify vulnerability factors to design prevention and intervention programs.


Keywords:
COVID-19, coping strategies, perceived stress, impact of quarantine, psychological distress, emotional regulation

Artículo Completo
Bibliografía

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