Una revisión sistemática sobre la seguridad psicológica: características y retos

A systematic review of psychological safety: Characteristics and challenges

María C. Aguilar Bustamante , Leady V. Fajardo Castro , Adriana M. Manrique Torres , Ítala M. Camargo Escobar ,

Suma Psicológica, (2023), 30(2), pp. 49-63.

Recibido el 6 de marzo de 2023
Aceptado el 10 de noviembre de 2023

https://doi.org/10.14349/sumapsi.2023.v30.n2.6

Resumen

Introducción/Objetivo: En tiempos de cambio, cobran mayor importancia las dinámicas sociales y laborales, las acciones para evaluar e intervenir sobre los riesgos psicosociales y la seguridad psicológica, que pueden llegar a afectar el desempeño y el comportamiento de las personas en sus lugares de trabajo. Este estudio tiene como objetivo realizar una revisión sistemática de las investigaciones empíricas que han abordado la seguridad psicológica en contextos organizacionales. Método: En esta revisión se siguieron las recomendaciones de la declaración PRISMA 2020, con el software CADIMA. Se consultaron las siguientes bases de datos: Scopus, APA PsycINFO, Web of Science y Redalyc. En total se identificaron 1678 documentos, se revisaron 196 en inglés, publicados entre el 2020 y 2022, que cumplieron con los criterios de selección. Resultados: La mayoría de los estudios se han desarrollado en Estados Unidos e Inglaterra, lo que evidencia la necesidad de realizar investigaciones en Iberoamérica y Latinoamérica. Se identifica que la seguridad psicológica está influenciada por factores del comportamiento organizacional en variados niveles de análisis individual, grupal y organizacional; algunos temas con los que se han llevado a cabo varios estudios incluyen la cultura organizacional, la relación del equipo de trabajo, la personalidad de los miembros del equipo, el desempeño, el aprendizaje y los procesos de gestión de conocimiento en las organizaciones. Conclusiones: Es una variable que cuando se relaciona con otras, cumple el rol de variable mediadora; se enlistan las variables psicológicas relacionadas con el constructo de seguridad psicológica, y se discuten los retos después de la pandemia del COVID-19.


Palabras clave:
Análisis de la mediación, comportamiento organizacional, desempeño laboral, seguridad psicológica

Abstract

Introduction/Objective: In times of change, social and work dynamics emphasize the importance of actions to assess and intervene in psychosocial risks and psychological safety, which can significantly impact individuals’ performance and behavior in their workplaces. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of empirical research focusing on psychological safety in organizational contexts. Method: This review followed the recommendations of the PRISMA 2020 statement, using the CADIMA software. The consulted databases were Scopus, APA PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Redalyc. A total of 1678 documents were identified, out of which 196 in English, published between 2020 and 2022, met the selection criteria. Results: Most of the studies were conducted in the United States and England, highlighting the need for further research in Ibero-America and Latin America. Psychological Safety was found to be influenced by organizational behavior factors at various levels of individual, group, and organizational analysis. Some of the topics explored in the studies include organizational culture, team relationships, team members’ personalities, performance, learning, and knowledge management processes in organizations. Conclusions: Psychological Safety acts as a mediating variable when related to other constructs, and this review lists psychological variables associated with the psychological safety construct. Furthermore, the challenges after the COVID-19 pandemic are discussed.


Keywords:
Mediation analysis, organizational behavior, job performance, psychological safety

Artículo Completo
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