Propiedades psicométricas e invarianza de medida por género de la Perceived Risk of HIV Scale en jóvenes chilenos
Psychometric Properties and Measurement Invariance by Gender of the Perceived Risk of HIV Scale in Chilean Youth
Mauro P. Olivera , Luis Mario Castellanos-Alvarenga , Natalia Salinas-Oñate
Suma Psicológica, (2025), 32(1), pp. 65-75.
Recibido el 10 de diciembre de 2024
Aceptado el 16 de mayo de 2025
Introducción: La percepción del riesgo de VIH se asocia significativamente con las conductas de testeo, el uso del condón y la adherencia a la profilaxis preexposición. La Escala de Riesgo Percibido de VIH (Perceived Risk of HIV Scale) ofrece diversas ventajas en la evaluación del constructo, en comparación con otros instrumentos existentes. No obstante, a la fecha no se ha investigado su aplicación en la población chilena y existe evidencia contradictoria sobre su estructura factorial. Este estudio se propuso evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión en español de la Escala de Riesgo Percibido de VIH en universitarios chilenos y estimar su invarianza de medida entre personas con identidad de género femenino y masculino. Método: Se utilizó un diseño transversal y una muestra de 370 universitarios de Temuco, entre 18 y 29 años. Para evaluar la estructura factorial y estimar su invarianza de medida, se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio multigrupo. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron adecuados indicadores de bondad de ajuste para el modelo de un factor, una adecuada consistencia interna y evidencia de equivalencia de medida por género. Conclusiones: La versión en español de la Escala de Riesgo Percibido de VIH es un instrumento breve, confiable y válido, que contempla considerables ventajas para la medición de la percepción de riesgo de VIH en jóvenes chilenos, especialmente en la ejecución y evaluación de intervenciones clínicas y comunitarias orientadas a la prevención del VIH. No obstante, se sugieren mejoras a su estructura para futuras investigaciones.
Palabras clave:
VIH, riesgo, adulto joven, psicometría, estudio de validación
Introduction: Perceived risk of HIV is significantly associated with testing behaviors, condom use, and adherence to pre-exposure prophylaxis. The Perceived Risk of HIV Scale offers several advantages in the assessment of this construct compared to other existing instruments. However, its application in the Chilean population has not yet been investigated, and previous studies have yielded conflicting evidence regarding its factorial structure. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Perceived Risk of HIV Scale in Chilean university students and to assess measurement invariance across female and male participants. Method: A cross-sectional design was used with a sample of 370 university students from Temuco, aged 18 to 29 years. A multigroup confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to evaluate the factorial structure and test for measurement invariance. Results: Findings indicated adequate goodness-of-fit indices for a one-factor model, satisfactory internal consistency, and evidence of measurement equivalence by gender. Conclusions: The Spanish version of the Perceived Risk of HIV Scale is a brief instrument with evidence of reliability and validity. It offers substantial advantages for assessing perceived HIV risk among Chilean youth, particularly for use in the implementation and evaluation of clinical and community-based HIV prevention interventions. Nonetheless, improvements to its structure are recommended for future research.
Keywords:
Keywords:
HIV, risk, young adult, psychometrics, validation study
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